A double ambiguity has been charged against Rawls’s Difference principle (DP). Is it Maximin, Leximin, or something else? Usually, following A. Sen, scholars identify DP with the so-called Leximin. One argues here that one has to distinguish 1° the Leximin, 2° the Maximin (as rule of justice formally analogous to the maximin rule of decision), represented by the figure in L of the perfectly substitutable goods, and 3° the genuine DP. When the augmentation of inequality benefits the worse off, only Pareto-strong improvements are permitted. Leximin would also permit Pareto-weak improvements too (after the first maximum D), where only the richest improves: from (2, 3) to (2, 5), say. This is forbidden by DP. With two classes, unlike Maximin, DP has no curve of inDifference and is always decisive, as Leximin is. For undecisive Rules of Justice, which admit indifferent curves, I propose to add a lexically secondary rule, to break ties. That move is able to clarify the links and the Differences between on the one hand Maximin alone, with its typical inDifference curves in L, and on the other hand, the DP properly understood and the Leximin, which both have no indifferent curves. With two classes of persons (best off/worse off), DP appears more egalitarian than Leximin, because it's secondary rule is MinIn (Minimization of Inequality). But the intuition behind the distinction is that it cannot possible “fair” that only the best off improves in a productive social cooperation.

In this paper, a class of matrices, namely, Drazin-dagger matrices, in which the Drazin inverse andthe Moore-Penrose inverse commute, is introduced. Also, some properties of the generalized inverses of these matrices, are investigated. Moreover, some results about the Moore-Penrose inverse, the Drazin inverse and the numerical range of some reciprocal matrices are obtained. In particular, the relations between reciprocal matrices, Drazin-Dagger matrices and star order are established. Also, some properties of the generalized inverses of the conjugate EP matrices are studied. To illustrate the results, some numerical examples are also given.

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In this paper, some elementary operations on triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) are defined. We also define some operations on triangular fuzzy matrices (TFMs) such as trace and triangular fuzzy determinant (TFD). Using elementary operations, some important properties of TFMs are presented. The concept of adjoints on TFM is discussed and some of their properties are. Some special types of TFMs (e.g. pure and fuzzy triangular, symmetric, pure and fuzzy skew-symmetric, singular, semi-singular, constant) are defined and a number of properties of these TFMs are presented.

The relations between the spectrum of the matrix Q+ Rand the spectra of matrices (g+δ) Q+(a+b) R-QR-RQ, QR-RQ, aRb-QRQ, aRQR-(QR) 2, and bR-QR have been given assuming that the matrix Q+R is diagonalizable, where Q, R are {g,δ}-quadratic matrix and f; g-quadratic matrix, respectively, of order n.

In this paper, the Schrodinger equation for a quantum wire is solved using a finite Difference approach. A new aspect in this work is plotting wave function on cross section of rectangular cross-sectional wire in two dimensions, periodically. It is found that the correct eigen energies occur when wave functions have a complete symmetry. If the value of eigen energy has a small increase or decrease in neighborhood of the correct energy the symmetry will be destroyed and aperturbation value at the first of wave function will be observed. In addition, the demand on computer memory varies linearly with the size of the system under investigation.

In this paper, we define a structure to obtain exponent matrices of girth-8 QC-LDPC codes with column weight 3. Using the Difference matrices introduced by Amirzade et al., we investigate necessary and sufficient conditions which result in a Tanner graph with girth 8. Our proposed method contributes to reduce the search space in recognizing the elements of an exponent matrix. In fact, in this method we only search to obtain one row of an exponent matrix. The other rows are multiplications of that row.

In this paper, the concept of k-regular fuzzy matrix as a general- ization of regular matrix is introduced and some basic properties of a k-regular fuzzy matrix are derived. This leads to the characterization of a matrix for which the regularity index and the index are identical. Further the relation between regular, k-regular and regularity of powers of fuzzy matrices are dis- cussed.